Installation
Building from Source
Building Meep directly from the source code can be challenging for users unfamiliar with building Unix software. This is mainly because of the numerous prerequisites that must be installed as well as the need to specify in the build scripts where these packages are to be found.
Meep's build systems uses the standard GNU Autotools ./configure && make && make install machinery, but requires a number of prerequisites in order to obtain a full-featured Meep installation: MPB, Libctl, Harminv, libGDSII, MPI, OpenMP, HDF5, Python, and Guile. MPB and Harminv, in turn, require LAPACK and BLAS and FFTW to be installed.
Gzipped tarballs of stable versions of the source are available on the releases page, and you can also do a git clone of the master branch of the Meep repository on Github if you have Autotools installed. For more information, see Build From Source.
The latest version of Meep preinstalled on Ubuntu can be accessed on Amazon Web Services (AWS) Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) as a free Amazon Machine Image (AMI). To access this AMI, follow these instructions.
Conda Packages
Official Releases
The recommended way to install PyMeep is using the Conda package manager. The precompiled binaries run as fast or faster than the typical build from source, are simple to install, can be upgraded easily, and take advantage of newer compilers and dependencies than those available in typical systems. Obviously, building from source can still provide advantages if you have access to special hardware or performance libraries that require specific compiler flags; building from source is also required if you are interested in working on the Meep source code, are performing system-wide installations on a server, or are using systems unsupported by Conda (e.g. supercomputers).
Binary packages for serial and parallel PyMeep on Linux and macOS are currently available (64 bit architectures only), and are updated with each new Meep release. The easiest way to get started is to install Miniconda, which comes with everything necessary to create Python environments with Conda. For example, to install Miniconda with Python 3 on Linux:
wget https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O miniconda.sh
bash miniconda.sh -b -p <desired_prefix>
export PATH=<desired_prefix>/bin:$PATH
Next, we create a Conda environment for PyMeep to isolate it from other Python libraries that may be installed.
conda create -n mp -c conda-forge pymeep
This creates an environment called "mp" (you can name this anything you like) with PyMeep and all its dependencies. This will default to the version of Python in your Miniconda installation (Python 3 for us since we installed Miniconda3), but if you want to work with Python 2, just add python=2 to the end of the command.
Next, we need to activate the environment before we can start using it.
conda activate mp
Now, python -c 'import meep' should work, and you can try running some of the examples in the meep/python/examples directory.
Note: There is currently an issue with openblas 0.3.5 that causes segmentation faults on newer Skylake X-series cpus. If import meep results in an "illegal instruction" error, downgrade openblas to version 0.3.4 as follows:
conda install -c conda-forge openblas=0.3.4
Warning: The pymeep package is built to work with OpenBLAS, which means numpy should also use OpenBLAS. Since the default numpy is built with MKL, installing other packages into the environment may cause conda to switch to an MKL-based numpy. This can cause segmentation faults when calling MPB. To work around this, you can make sure the no-mkl conda package is installed, make sure you're getting packages from the conda-forge channel (they use OpenBLAS for everything), or as a last resort, run import meep before importing any other library that is linked to MKL. When installing additional packages into the meep environment, you should always try to install using the -c conda-forge flag. conda can ocassionally be too eager in updating packages to new versions which can leave the environment unstable. If running conda install -c conda-forge <some-package> attempts to replace conda-forge packages with equivalent versions from the defaults channel, you can force it to only use channels you specify (i.e., arguemnts to the -c flag) with the --override-channels flag.
Installing parallel PyMeep follows the same pattern, but the package "build string" must be specified to bring in the MPI variant:
conda create -n pmp -c conda-forge pymeep=*=mpi_mpich_*
conda activate pmp
The first * requests the latest version of Pymeep, and the mpi_mpich_* says to get a version that includes "mpi_mpich" in the build string (the packages are currently built with the MPICH implementation of MPI).
The environment includes mpi4py, so you can run an MPI job with 4 processes like this:
mpirun -np 4 python <script_name>.py
If you run into issues, make sure your PYTHONPATH environment variable is unset.
Note: If you experience crashes when using matplotlib on macOS, try importing meep before importing matplotlib. In addition add the following line to your ~/.matplotlib/matplotlibrc file to force the TkAgg backend:
backend: TkAgg
Note: For pymeep-parallel on macOS, a bug in openmpi requires that the environment variable TMPDIR be set to a short path like /tmp. Without this workaround, you may see errors similar to this:
[laptop:68818] [[53415,0],0] ORTE_ERROR_LOG: Bad
parameter in file ../../orte/orted/pmix/pmix_server.c at line 264
[laptop:68818] [[53415,0],0] ORTE_ERROR_LOG: Bad
parameter in file ../../../../../orte/mca/ess/hnp/ess_hnp_module.c at line
666
Note: To update, pymeep, you can do conda update -c conda-forge pymeep. If you run into problems (e.g. some other update has interfered with your environment), you can instead create a new environment from scratch each time.
Older Releases
Older releases of PyMeep are available on the conda-forge channel. The full list of available versions is here. Examples:
# Create an environment with the serial version of pymeep 1.8.0
conda create -n mp1.8 -c conda-forge pymeep=1.8.0
# Create an environment with the parallel version of pymeep 1.9.0
conda create -n pmp1.9 -c conda-forge pymeep=1.9.0=mpi_mpich_*
Note that parallel (MPI) versions are only available with pymeep >= 1.8.0.
Nightly Builds
To experiment with new features before they are distributed in an official release, you can try the nightly development builds. They are hosted on the simpetus channel.
# Serial pymeep
conda create -n mp_test -c simpetus -c conda-forge pymeep
# Parallel pymeep
conda create -n pmp_test -c simpetus -c conda-forge pymeep=*=mpi_mpich*
Installation on Linux
For most Linux distributions, there should be precompiled packages for most of Meep's prerequisites below, and we highly recommend installing those prerequisites using the available packages for your system whenever possible. Using precompiled packages means that you don't have to worry about how to install things manually. You are using packages which have already been tweaked to work well with your system, and usually your packages will be automatically upgraded when you upgrade the rest of your system. For easy access to the Python interface, we provide a binary installation in the form of Conda packages. Details can be found below.
The following precompiled packages are available: BLAS and LAPACK possibly as part of a package for Atlas BLAS, Guile, MPI, and HDF5. One thing to be careful of is that many distributions split packages into two parts: one main package for the libraries and programs, and a devel package for header files and other things needed to compile software using those libraries. You will need to install both. So, for example, you will probably need both a guile package (probably installed by default) and a guile-dev or guile-devel package (probably not installed by default), and similarly for HDF5 etcetera. You will probably also want to install a libpng-dev or libpng-devel package in order to compile the h5topng utility in h5utils.
The easiest installation is on Ubuntu which has precompiled packages for Meep:
apt-get install meep h5utils
Installation on macOS
Since macOS is, at its heart, a Unix system, one can, in principle compile and install Meep and all its prerequisites just as on any other Unix system. However, this process is much easier using the Homebrew package to install most of the prerequisites, since it will handle dependencies and other details for you. You will need administrator privileges on your Mac.
The first steps are:
- Install Xcode, the development/compiler package from Apple, free from the Apple Xcode web page.
- Install Homebrew: download from the Homebrew site and follow the instructions there.
- Run the following commands in the terminal to compile and install the prerequisites. This may take a while to complete because it will install lots of other stuff first
brew doctor
brew install homebrew/science/hdf5 homebrew/science/openblas guile fftw h5utils
Now, install the Harminv, libctl, MPB, and Meep packages from source. Download Harminv and, in the harminv directory, do:
./configure && make && make install
Use the same commands for libctl, MPB, and Meep. For more detailed information, see Build From Source.
You are done, and can now run Meep (Scheme interface) just by typing meep. You can run make check in the meep directory if you want to perform a self-test.
To build the latest version of Meep from source on macOS Sierra, follow these instructions.
Installation on Windows
Native Windows installation is currently unsupported. The recommended procedure is to install Ubuntu using the Windows Subsystem for Linux. This gives you access to a bash terminal running on Ubuntu from within Windows. From there you can install the Conda packages as described above. The drawback is that you can't see plots from matplotlib (though saving them to disk and opening them from Windows works fine). The easiest way around this is to add the jupyter package to the conda create ... command. This will allow you to run a Jupyter notebook in the browser, and from there you can visualize plots interactively.